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PEEK Biomaterials Handbook.

By: Material type: TextSeries: Publisher: Chantilly : Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2011Copyright date: ©2012Edition: 1st edDescription: 1 online resource (309 pages)Content type:
  • text
Media type:
  • computer
Carrier type:
  • online resource
ISBN:
  • 9781437744644
Subject(s): Genre/Form: DDC classification:
  • 610.28
Online resources:
Contents:
Front Cover -- Dedication -- Series page -- Peek Biomaterials Handbook -- Copyright -- Contents -- Foreword -- List of Contributors -- Chapter 1 - An Overview of PEEK Biomaterials -- 1.1 - Introduction -- 1.2 - What Is a Polymer? -- 1.3 - What Is PEEK? -- 1.4 - Crystallinity and PEEK -- 1.5 - Thermal Transitions -- 1.6 - PEEK Composites -- 1.7 - Overview of This Handbook -- References -- Chapter 2 - Synthesis and Processing of PEEK for Surgical Implants -- 2.1 - Introduction -- 2.2 - Synthesis of PAEKs -- 2.3 - Nomenclature -- 2.4 - Quality Systems for Medical Grade Resin Production -- 2.5 - Processing of Medical Grade PEEK -- 2.6 - Machining -- 2.7 - Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3 - Compounds and Composite Materials -- 3.1 - Introduction -- 3.2 - What Is a Composite Material? -- 3.3 - Additive Geometry, Volume, and Orientation Effects -- 3.4 - Preparation of Materials -- 3.5 - Processing to Make Parts -- 3.6 - Biocompatibility of CFR PEEK -- 3.7 - Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4 - Morphology and Crystalline Architecture of Polyaryletherketones -- 4.1 - Introduction -- 4.2 - Chain Architecture and Packing -- 4.3 - Crystallization Behavior -- 4.4 - Characterization Techniques -- 4.5 - Structure Processing-Property Relationships -- 4.6 - Summary and Conclusions -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 5 - Fracture, Fatigue, and Notch Behavior of PEEK -- 5.1 - Introduction -- 5.2 - Fracture and Fatigue of Materials -- 5.3 - PEEK Fracture Studies -- 5.4 - PEEK Notch Studies -- 5.5 - Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 6 - Chemical and Radiation Stability of PEEK -- 6.1 - Introduction to Chemical Stability -- 6.2 - Water Solubility -- 6.3 - Thermal Stability -- 6.4 - Steam Sterilization of PEEK -- 6.5 - Radiation Stability: Implications for Gamma Sterilization and Postirradiation Aging.
6.6 - Summary -- References -- Chapter 7 - Biocompatibility of Polyaryletheretherketone Polymers -- 7.1 - Introduction -- 7.2 - Cell Culture and Toxicity Studies -- 7.3 - Mutagenesis (Genotoxicity) -- 7.4 - Immunogenesis -- 7.5 - Soft Tissue Response -- 7.6 - Osteocompatibility of PEEK Devices -- 7.7 - Biocompatibility of PEEK Particulate-X-STOP™ PEEK Explant Studies -- 7.8 - Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8 - Bacterial Interactions with Polyaryletheretherketone -- 8.1 - Introduction -- 8.2 - Bacterial Adhesion to Biomaterials -- 8.3 - The Role of Surface Topography and Chemistry in Bacterial Adhesion -- 8.4 - Strategies to Reduce Bacterial Adhesion to PEEK -- 8.5 - Summary and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 9 - Thermal Plasma Spray Deposition of Titanium and Hydroxyapatite on Polyaryletheretherketone Implants -- 9.1 - Introduction -- 9.2 - Coating Technology -- 9.3 - Biomedical Plasma-Sprayed Coatings -- 9.4 - Coating Analysis Methods -- 9.5 - Substrate Analysis Method -- 9.6 - Plasma-Sprayed Coatings on PEEK-Based Substrates -- 9.7 - Plasma-Sprayed Osteointegrative Surfaces for PEEK: The Eurocoating Experience -- 9.8 - Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10 - Surface Modification Techniques of Polyetheretherketone, Including Plasma Surface Treatment -- 10.1 - PEEK-Tissue Interactions -- 10.2 - Surface Modification -- 10.3 - Surface Modification Techniques -- 10.4 - Applications of These Surface Modification Methods and the Translation to Industry -- 10.5 - Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 11 - Bioactive Polyaryletherketone Composites -- 11.1 - Introduction -- 11.2 - Processing-Structure Relationships -- 11.3 - Structure-Property Relationships -- 11.4 - Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 12 - Porosity in Polyaryletheretherketone -- 12.1 - Introduction.
12.2 - Porous Biomaterials in Existing Implants -- 12.3 - Porous Polymer Production for Industrial Applications -- 12.4 - Manufacturing of Porous PEEK Biomaterials -- 12.5 - Case Study 1-Porosity Through Porogen Leaching at Production Scale -- 12.6 - Case Study 2-Comparison of Small and Large Pore Sizes -- 12.7 - Case Study 3-Mid-Sized Porosity -- 12.8 - Conclusions -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 13 - Applications of Polyaryletheretherketone in Spinal Implants: Fusion and Motion Preservation -- 13.1 - Introduction -- 13.2 - Origins of Interbody Fusion and the "Cage Rage" of the Late 1990s -- 13.3 - CFR-PEEK Lumbar Cages: The Brantigan Cage -- 13.4 - Threaded PEEK Lumbar Fusion Cages -- 13.5 - Clinical Diagnostic Imaging of PEEK Spinal Cages and Transpedicular Screws -- 13.6 - Subsidence and Wear of PAEK Cages -- 13.7 - Posterior Dynamic Stabilization Devices -- 13.8 - Cervical and Lumbar Artificial Discs -- 13.9 - Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 14 - Isoelastic Polyaryletheretherketone Implants for Total Joint Replacement -- 14.1 - Introduction -- 14.2 - Incompatible Design Goals for an Uncemented Hip Stem -- 14.3 - Setbacks with Early Polymer-Metal Composite Hip Stems -- 14.4 - The Epoch Hip Stem -- 14.5 - Other PAEK Composite Hip Stems -- 14.6 - Stress Shielding in the Acetabulum -- 14.7 - PEEK in the Acetabulum -- 14.8 - Outlook for PEEK in Orthopedic Implants -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 15 - Applications of Polyetheretherketone in Trauma, Arthroscopy, and Cranial Defect Repair -- 15.1 - Introduction -- 15.2 - Principles of Fracture Repair -- 15.3 - Principles of Arthroscopic Repair -- 15.4 - Principles of Craniofacial Defect Repair -- 15.5 - Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 16 - Arthroplasty Bearing Surfaces -- 16.1 - Introduction -- 16.2 - Total Hip and Knee Replacement.
16.3 - Basic Biotribology Studies of PEEK Articulations -- 16.4 - Hip Resurfacing -- 16.5 - Mobile-Bearing, Unicondylar Knee Joint Replacements -- 16.6 - Other Total Joint Replacement Applications -- 16.7 - MOTIS: Medical Grade CFR-PEEK for Bearing Applications -- 16.8 - Summary and Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 17 - FDA Regulation of Polyaryletheretherketone Implants* -- 17.1 - Introduction -- 17.2 - What Is the FDA? -- 17.3 - Common Misconceptions About What the FDA Does -- 17.4 - Brief History of the FDA -- 17.5 - Medical Device Definition and Classification -- 17.6 - Regulatory Approval Process and Types of Applications -- 17.7 - Content of an FDA Application -- 17.8 - Material Considerations -- 17.9 - Current Uses of PEEK in FDA-Approved Spinal and Orthopedic Implants -- 17.10 - The Use of Master Files in Supplying Material Data for FDA Regulation -- 17.11 - The Use of Standards in FDA Regulation -- 17.12 - Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Index.
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Front Cover -- Dedication -- Series page -- Peek Biomaterials Handbook -- Copyright -- Contents -- Foreword -- List of Contributors -- Chapter 1 - An Overview of PEEK Biomaterials -- 1.1 - Introduction -- 1.2 - What Is a Polymer? -- 1.3 - What Is PEEK? -- 1.4 - Crystallinity and PEEK -- 1.5 - Thermal Transitions -- 1.6 - PEEK Composites -- 1.7 - Overview of This Handbook -- References -- Chapter 2 - Synthesis and Processing of PEEK for Surgical Implants -- 2.1 - Introduction -- 2.2 - Synthesis of PAEKs -- 2.3 - Nomenclature -- 2.4 - Quality Systems for Medical Grade Resin Production -- 2.5 - Processing of Medical Grade PEEK -- 2.6 - Machining -- 2.7 - Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3 - Compounds and Composite Materials -- 3.1 - Introduction -- 3.2 - What Is a Composite Material? -- 3.3 - Additive Geometry, Volume, and Orientation Effects -- 3.4 - Preparation of Materials -- 3.5 - Processing to Make Parts -- 3.6 - Biocompatibility of CFR PEEK -- 3.7 - Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4 - Morphology and Crystalline Architecture of Polyaryletherketones -- 4.1 - Introduction -- 4.2 - Chain Architecture and Packing -- 4.3 - Crystallization Behavior -- 4.4 - Characterization Techniques -- 4.5 - Structure Processing-Property Relationships -- 4.6 - Summary and Conclusions -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 5 - Fracture, Fatigue, and Notch Behavior of PEEK -- 5.1 - Introduction -- 5.2 - Fracture and Fatigue of Materials -- 5.3 - PEEK Fracture Studies -- 5.4 - PEEK Notch Studies -- 5.5 - Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 6 - Chemical and Radiation Stability of PEEK -- 6.1 - Introduction to Chemical Stability -- 6.2 - Water Solubility -- 6.3 - Thermal Stability -- 6.4 - Steam Sterilization of PEEK -- 6.5 - Radiation Stability: Implications for Gamma Sterilization and Postirradiation Aging.

6.6 - Summary -- References -- Chapter 7 - Biocompatibility of Polyaryletheretherketone Polymers -- 7.1 - Introduction -- 7.2 - Cell Culture and Toxicity Studies -- 7.3 - Mutagenesis (Genotoxicity) -- 7.4 - Immunogenesis -- 7.5 - Soft Tissue Response -- 7.6 - Osteocompatibility of PEEK Devices -- 7.7 - Biocompatibility of PEEK Particulate-X-STOP™ PEEK Explant Studies -- 7.8 - Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8 - Bacterial Interactions with Polyaryletheretherketone -- 8.1 - Introduction -- 8.2 - Bacterial Adhesion to Biomaterials -- 8.3 - The Role of Surface Topography and Chemistry in Bacterial Adhesion -- 8.4 - Strategies to Reduce Bacterial Adhesion to PEEK -- 8.5 - Summary and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 9 - Thermal Plasma Spray Deposition of Titanium and Hydroxyapatite on Polyaryletheretherketone Implants -- 9.1 - Introduction -- 9.2 - Coating Technology -- 9.3 - Biomedical Plasma-Sprayed Coatings -- 9.4 - Coating Analysis Methods -- 9.5 - Substrate Analysis Method -- 9.6 - Plasma-Sprayed Coatings on PEEK-Based Substrates -- 9.7 - Plasma-Sprayed Osteointegrative Surfaces for PEEK: The Eurocoating Experience -- 9.8 - Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10 - Surface Modification Techniques of Polyetheretherketone, Including Plasma Surface Treatment -- 10.1 - PEEK-Tissue Interactions -- 10.2 - Surface Modification -- 10.3 - Surface Modification Techniques -- 10.4 - Applications of These Surface Modification Methods and the Translation to Industry -- 10.5 - Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 11 - Bioactive Polyaryletherketone Composites -- 11.1 - Introduction -- 11.2 - Processing-Structure Relationships -- 11.3 - Structure-Property Relationships -- 11.4 - Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 12 - Porosity in Polyaryletheretherketone -- 12.1 - Introduction.

12.2 - Porous Biomaterials in Existing Implants -- 12.3 - Porous Polymer Production for Industrial Applications -- 12.4 - Manufacturing of Porous PEEK Biomaterials -- 12.5 - Case Study 1-Porosity Through Porogen Leaching at Production Scale -- 12.6 - Case Study 2-Comparison of Small and Large Pore Sizes -- 12.7 - Case Study 3-Mid-Sized Porosity -- 12.8 - Conclusions -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 13 - Applications of Polyaryletheretherketone in Spinal Implants: Fusion and Motion Preservation -- 13.1 - Introduction -- 13.2 - Origins of Interbody Fusion and the "Cage Rage" of the Late 1990s -- 13.3 - CFR-PEEK Lumbar Cages: The Brantigan Cage -- 13.4 - Threaded PEEK Lumbar Fusion Cages -- 13.5 - Clinical Diagnostic Imaging of PEEK Spinal Cages and Transpedicular Screws -- 13.6 - Subsidence and Wear of PAEK Cages -- 13.7 - Posterior Dynamic Stabilization Devices -- 13.8 - Cervical and Lumbar Artificial Discs -- 13.9 - Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 14 - Isoelastic Polyaryletheretherketone Implants for Total Joint Replacement -- 14.1 - Introduction -- 14.2 - Incompatible Design Goals for an Uncemented Hip Stem -- 14.3 - Setbacks with Early Polymer-Metal Composite Hip Stems -- 14.4 - The Epoch Hip Stem -- 14.5 - Other PAEK Composite Hip Stems -- 14.6 - Stress Shielding in the Acetabulum -- 14.7 - PEEK in the Acetabulum -- 14.8 - Outlook for PEEK in Orthopedic Implants -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 15 - Applications of Polyetheretherketone in Trauma, Arthroscopy, and Cranial Defect Repair -- 15.1 - Introduction -- 15.2 - Principles of Fracture Repair -- 15.3 - Principles of Arthroscopic Repair -- 15.4 - Principles of Craniofacial Defect Repair -- 15.5 - Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 16 - Arthroplasty Bearing Surfaces -- 16.1 - Introduction -- 16.2 - Total Hip and Knee Replacement.

16.3 - Basic Biotribology Studies of PEEK Articulations -- 16.4 - Hip Resurfacing -- 16.5 - Mobile-Bearing, Unicondylar Knee Joint Replacements -- 16.6 - Other Total Joint Replacement Applications -- 16.7 - MOTIS: Medical Grade CFR-PEEK for Bearing Applications -- 16.8 - Summary and Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 17 - FDA Regulation of Polyaryletheretherketone Implants* -- 17.1 - Introduction -- 17.2 - What Is the FDA? -- 17.3 - Common Misconceptions About What the FDA Does -- 17.4 - Brief History of the FDA -- 17.5 - Medical Device Definition and Classification -- 17.6 - Regulatory Approval Process and Types of Applications -- 17.7 - Content of an FDA Application -- 17.8 - Material Considerations -- 17.9 - Current Uses of PEEK in FDA-Approved Spinal and Orthopedic Implants -- 17.10 - The Use of Master Files in Supplying Material Data for FDA Regulation -- 17.11 - The Use of Standards in FDA Regulation -- 17.12 - Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Index.

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